[International journal of molecular sciences MDPI ] State of the Art: The Immunomodulatory Role of MSCs for Osteoarthritis (2022)
Dae Gyu Kwon,, Dong Jin Ryu
Figure 1. The “inflammatory” pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). (a) OA is not only damage of cartilage, but also surrounding joint tissue including inflammation of the synovium, subchondral bone remodeling, bone erosion, and osteophyte formation were accompanied. (b) In addition, cells in the affected joint tissues actively participate in the OA initiation and progression. (c) Lots of regulatory pathways are related to OA onset and progression; however, not all are necessarily implicated in all phenotypes of the OA progression. (d) During OA progression, multiple inflammatory cytokines and proteins are involved in damaging cartilage and promote an endless cycle of inflammation. (e) Senescent chondrocytes themselves also trigger an inflammatory response to the surrounding area.
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/3/1618
[International journal of molecular sciences MDPI ] State of the Art: The Immunomodulatory Role of MSCs for Osteoarthritis (2022)
Dae Gyu Kwon,, Dong Jin Ryu
Figure 1. The “inflammatory” pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). (a) OA is not only damage of cartilage, but also surrounding joint tissue including inflammation of the synovium, subchondral bone remodeling, bone erosion, and osteophyte formation were accompanied. (b) In addition, cells in the affected joint tissues actively participate in the OA initiation and progression. (c) Lots of regulatory pathways are related to OA onset and progression; however, not all are necessarily implicated in all phenotypes of the OA progression. (d) During OA progression, multiple inflammatory cytokines and proteins are involved in damaging cartilage and promote an endless cycle of inflammation. (e) Senescent chondrocytes themselves also trigger an inflammatory response to the surrounding area.
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/3/1618